So, you’re thinking about a trip to Sri Lanka, huh? Excellent choice! This island nation, nestled off the coast of India, is brimming with a vibrant mix of ancient history, cultural heritage, and stunning natural beauty.
Sri Lanka is the kind of destination that will awaken your senses in the most incredible way and truly captivate your soul. But it’s not just about lying on the beach all day (although who could blame you with beaches that gorgeous!). This magical island is also home to some of the most fascinating ancient wonders that will leave you in absolute awe of its immensely rich history and cultural heritage.
So without further ado, here’s a peek into 8 of Sri Lanka’s UNESCO World Heritage Sites that will take your breath away:
1. Sacred City of Anuradhapura
Steeped in history and holiness, the Sacred City of Anuradhapura is the beating heart of Buddhism on the island. You get to wander amongst the majestic ruins of colossal palaces and towering monasteries, remnants of a glorious past that once stood as symbols of power and piety. You’ll also get to marvel at ornate monuments commemorating important figures and testaments to a rich culture and civilisation.
But the real highlight has to be the legendary 2000-year-old Bo Tree, also known as the Sri Maha Bodhi. This sacred fig tree is known to be the oldest tree in the world and is believed to have been grown from a cutting of the original Bodhi Tree, under which the Buddha attained enlightenment. No trip to Anuradhapura is complete without paying respects at this hallowed site.
2. Ancient City of Polonnaruwa
As the second oldest of Sri Lanka’s great kingdoms after Anuradhapura, the Ancient City of Polonnaruwa truly is a treasure trove of history. Walking through its streets, you will be amazed by the fabulous artwork and splendid mediaeval architecture on show. And its ingenious irrigation systems allowed the city to thrive, surrounded by lush greenery. Trust me, every corner here is snap-worthy!
But that’s not all – the ancient city of Polonnaruwa is truly an archaeological wonderland. Amongst its ruins you’ll find some of the finest Brahmanic structures erected by the Cholas, and the monumental remains of the Garden City built by Parakramabahu I in the 12th century. It’s best to explore this city by cycling or walking (but be prepared and wear comfy footwear).
3. Ancient City of Sigiriya (The Lion Rock)
Sigiriya, also known as “The Lion Rock”, is a rock fortress and palace floating up in the sky, and was constructed by the legendary King Kasyapa in the 5th Century. He built this giant gateway to mimick a ferocious lion, hence its name – Lion’s Rock. On top of this monumental rock, you’ll find a beautiful ancient palace decorated with the most vibrant frescoes, popping with colour and life. You’ll find some of the oldest landscaped gardens in the entire world here in Sigiriya, plus a mirror wall which has verses dating all the way back to the 8th century.
However, one word of warning – climbing Sigiriya Rock is no easy feat. You’ll pass through some massive rock structures on your journey to the summit. But just imagine how rewarding it will feel to take in the breathtaking views once you reach the top. The effort will be well and truly worth it!
4. The Golden Temple of Dambulla
The Golden Temple of Dambulla (also known as Dambulla Cave Temple) is the largest and best-preserved cave temple complex in Sri Lanka. Nestled within these 5 ancient caves are 157 awe-inspiring statues of the Lord Buddha, spanning right back to the 1st century BC.
The historical and archaeological significance of this place is fascinating, but the artistic beauty is what really steals the show. You will be blown away by the intricate and delicate paintings adorning the ceilings and walls. These have withstood the test of time and it truly is spectacular to see it so well-preserved.
5. The Sacred City of Kandy
Kandy, known as Sri Lanka’s cultural capital, is home to the incredible Temple of the Tooth Relic of Lord Buddha. This sacred shrine alone makes Kandy worth a visit, but if you visit during July or August, you’ll also get to experience the spectacular Kandy Esala Perehera festival, where you’ll witness cultural dances and rituals paying homage to the sacred tooth relic.
But wait, there’s more! Not only is Kandy steeped in history and culture – it is also set in the most beautiful surroundings. Forested hills and lush tea plantations provide the perfect backdrop to this scenic city. When you see Kandy surrounded by nature, you’ll understand why it’s regarded as one of Sri Lanka’s most picturesque places.
6. The Old Town of Galle and its Forts
Galle is truly a coastal marvel! Built by the Europeans during the 16th century, the Old Town and its Fortifications are a fusion of styles like nothing you’ve seen before. There are two magnificent gates leading into the Fort, one proudly displaying the Dutch Coat of Arms and the other bearing the British colours.
As you wander the streets of Galle, you’ll spot the most gorgeous houses, dripping with artistic flourishes from the Dutch and British eras. Now, many offer a peek into the past as boutiques or guesthouses. Be sure to marvel at the landmarks within, such as the Dutch Reformed Church, the National Maritime Museum, the Old Dutch Hospital, and the New Orient Hotel. And an extra bonus tip: Go climb the fortress walls at sunset – it’s the best way to see this special place in all its glory.
7. Sinharaja Forest Reserve
Sinharaja Forest Reserve, also known as the “Kingdom of Lions,” is a national park that is absolutely vital for Sri Lanka’s ecosystem. In fact, this place is so important that it’s been named a Biosphere Reserve. Sinharaja is the only untouched area of primary rainforest left in the country, and it’s teeming with rare endemic species. We’re talking mammals, butterflies, birds, fish, reptiles, amphibians – this place has them all in abundance.
If you plan on going on a safari, make sure to hire a trusted guide. The vegetation is so dense here that spotting animals can be tricky. But if you visit in the drier months of August to September or January to early April, you’ll have a much better chance of an animal sighting.
8. Central Highlands of Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka’s central highlands is the newest addition to the list of UNESCO World Heritage sites. This region is made up of the most spectacular wet-zone parks: the Peak Wilderness Protected Area, Horton Plains National Park, and the Knuckles Conservation Forest. But the real highlight is Adam’s Peak, the highest point in the highlands which has become a sacred site for Buddhist pilgrims.
What’s more, this region is a conservationist’s dream. It holds an astonishing variety of plants and animals found nowhere else on Earth. Keep an eye out for the western-purple-faced langur, the elusive slender loris, or if you’re lucky, a glimpse of the majestic Sri Lankan leopard. The best time to visit is between January and April when the weather is glorious – warm days and cool nights.
